The essays in this volume examine the often-overlooked connection between empire building, imperial rule, and mass starvation. While droughts and other natural disasters can lead to serious food shortages, a decline in food availability need not result in wide-scale starvation. Mass starvation in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries has almost always been linked to political decisions about food distribution. Some of the worst cases occurred within empires or their colonies. Topics addressed include famines in Soviet-ruled Ukraine, British-ruled Ireland and India, and the People's Republic of China, as well as famine and food policies during World War II connected to Nazi German and Romanian empire-building in occupied Ukraine and Moldova. The introductory essay provides an overview of recent literature on famine theory and other studies addressing the connection between empires, empire-building, and famines. As a group, the writers show the value of comparative study of wartime famines in occupied territories in the context of empire building, and of famines linked to imperial or colonial rule in overseas colonies or peripheral regions.