American Civil War Era 1861-1865, African American Diaspora 1619-1865.

Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution of the United States, Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation in 1861 so the slaves could fight in the Civil War.

One hundred eighty thousand black soldiers joined the Union Army; forty thousand were killed. General Grant was very pleased with the black soldier. He said, "In battle, the dead black soldiers would cover the length of a football field." He further stated, "He could walk the length of a football field on dead bodies, and his feet would never touch the ground."

African Americans fought in the Revolutionary War. The first man killed in the Revolutionary War was a black man named Crispus Attucks. He was killed during the 1770 Boston Massacre. He was one of the five thousand slaves who fought in the Revolutionary War. Harriet Tubman was a spy for the Union Army. She was nicknamed General Tubman and received a pension from the Union Army.

Bass Reeves, born in 1838, was a celebrated hero, the first black US marshal in the United States; he was a legend as a US marshal.

The Gettysburg Address, Pennsylvania, November 19, 1863.

Africa, nearly ten million miles wide, is the second largest continent; Asia is the largest continent. Some African tribes sold Africans to the white man to be taken to America and enslaved.

The Dred Scott Decision: Chief Supreme Court Justice Taney ruled in the Dred Scott decision that a slave is a slave no matter where he is, he is the property of his master, and he has no rights that the white man has to respect.

The fifty battles in the Civil War, including the bloodiest battles, had fifty-six thousand casualties in one day.